1-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - China Xinqi Polymer Co.,Ltd | 30-polyacrylamide | polyacrylamide (2025)

1-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, also known as 1D-PAGE, is a commonly used technique in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate and analyze proteins according to their molecular weight. This powerful method has been widely adopted in research laboratories, clinical settings, and industrial applications due to its high resolution, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The principle of 1D-PAGE is based on the differential migration of proteins through a porous gel matrix in an electric field. The gel matrix, usually made of polyacrylamide, provides a sieving effect that separates proteins based on their size. Smaller proteins move faster and migrate further through the gel, while larger proteins move slower and remain closer to the origin. This allows for the separation of a complex mixture of proteins into distinct bands, which can then be visualized and analyzed. The first step in 1D-PAGE is the preparation of the gel. This involves mixing a solution of acrylamide, a cross-linking agent, and a catalyst, which polymerizes to form a gel. The concentration of acrylamide can be adjusted to create gels of different pore sizes, depending on the size range of proteins to be separated. The gel is then poured into a mold and a comb is inserted to create wells for sample loading. Next, the protein sample is mixed with a loading buffer, which contains a tracking dye to monitor the progress of the gel run. The sample is then loaded into the wells and an electric current is applied. The proteins migrate through the gel at different rates, depending on their size and charge. The gel is usually run until the tracking dye reaches the bottom, indicating the completion of the separation. After the gel run, the separated proteins can be visualized using various staining methods. The most commonly used method is Coomassie blue staining, which binds to the proteins and allows for their visualization as distinct bands. Other staining methods, such as silver staining and fluorescent dyes, can also be used for more sensitive detection of proteins. Once the proteins are visualized, they can be quantified and analyzed. The intensity of each band is proportional to the amount of protein present, allowing for relative quantification. In addition, the bands can be cut out and further analyzed by techniques such as mass spectrometry, to identify the individual proteins present in the sample. 1D-PAGE has a wide range of applications in the field of biology. It is commonly used for protein purification, where it allows for the separation of a target protein from other contaminants. It is also used for protein characterization, such as determining the molecular weight of a protein or identifying post-translational modifications. In addition, 1D-PAGE is an essential tool in proteomics research, where it is used for protein profiling and biomarker discovery. In conclusion, 1-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a versatile and powerful technique for protein separation and analysis. Its high resolution, sensitivity, and reproducibility make it an indispensable tool in various fields of biology. With the continuous advancements in technology, 1D-PAGE is constantly evolving and remains a fundamental technique for protein research.